ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the current state-of-the-art in algal production and looks at water and nutrient use, their efficiency and r ecycling as they influence the sustainability of this promising but immature technology. Also explored are specific technical bottlenecks and socioeconomic road-blocks to algal systems that have prevented the technology from reaching maturity, sustainability and success in the current political environment. Through this analysis the chapter identifies advanced algae–water separation technologies and the use of wastewater in algal systems as two high-impact opportunities to enhance the sustainability of algal systems.
