ABSTRACT

The high attrition rates in drug development have presented a challenge to the pharmaceutical industry. Only ~10% of drug candidates entering clinical trials reach ultimate approval, and the cost of developing a new drug is ever increasing (Hay et al., 2014; diMasi, 2016; Plenge, 2016). Innovation in the pharmaceutical R&D process has been initiated in order to deal with this challenge and increase the success of developing novel therapies for patients.