ABSTRACT
As learned in the previous chapters, especially Chapters 9, 10, and 17, Volume 1, many researchers are now studying intensively the interplay between electricity and magnetism. The electrical input to the magnets can induce magnetization dynamics, and even switch its direction via spin torque, spin-orbit torque, and electric-field-induced torque. This chapter focuses on the electric-field effects on magnetism, as well as the electric-field control of magnetization dynamics and direction. The effect was first demonstrated using ferromagnetic semiconductors, and is now observed in other material systems, e.g. metals and multiferroics. Here, we will restrict ourselves to describing the electric-field effect-related phenomena in magnetic semiconductors and metals. We will not cover the control of magnetic anisotropy in magnets through stress adjacent to the piezoelectric material to which an electric-field is applied. Readers who are interested in other material systems and electric-field-induced phenomena than those treated here may consult other reviews [1–4].
