ABSTRACT
This Chapter provides a valuable introduction to a growing family of Hall effects and the importance of the spin-orbit coupling. Subsequent developments in Hall effects, spurred by the discovery of novel two-dimensional materials (Chapter 5, Volume 3) and topological insulators (Chapter 14, Volume 2), are discussed throughout this book. For example, recent advances in fundamental phenomena and possible applications of Hall effects in a wide class of materials are addressed in Chapter 9, Volume 1, Chapters 4 and 15, Volume 2, and Chapters 7–9, Volume 3. Throughout this book we have learned about many aspects of spin dynamics in both metal and semiconducting systems involving the diagonal transport of spin and charge and their interactions, in some cases, with the collective ferromagnetic-order parameter driven out of equilibrium. In this chapter, we venture into another aspect of spin-charge dynamics, in which an applied electric field induces a spin or a spin-charge response transverse to the field. These are the spin-dependent Hall effects.
