ABSTRACT
Alternative energy as a renewable resource has been found to maintain energy stability in the world since the energy crisis has become a very urgent problem. A lot of studies proved that the greenhouse effect has an impact on life through several phenomena such as climate changes, the increase in temperature of Earth’s atmosphere, and organic pollution that have caused the use of current energy sources. In order to decrease the use of current energy sources, it is very important to find a potential solution with renewable energy that can be used in human daily life such as by utilizing alternative energy consumption via solar, wind, geothermal, and other energy resources. Among them, solar energy is an alternative energy source, where continuous solar light irradiations that can be converted into electricity through photovoltaic mechanisms. Regarding this, solar-cell devices offer superior conversion among other devices, and they are still developing to achieve the proper mass-need fulfillment. Many types of solar cells have been developed in recent years, and the most common type that is commercially used are silicon-based solar cells. However, the production of these kinds of solar cells needs more fabrication cost and energy consumption within fabrications.
