ABSTRACT
The global impact of greenhouse gases from internal combustion engines and coal-fired power plants has motivated the demand for green energy, such as harvesting and storing electrical energy from wind and solar power, and hence triggering the development of electric energy storage devices. The integration of wind energy and photovoltaics into the current electricity grid promotes the development of high-capacity and all-purpose energy storage. Within a diverse selection of energy storage technologies, Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are the most promising, since LIBs have outstanding specific energy and power, long calendar and cycle life, and excellent coulombic efficiency. Therefore, this energy storage technology is a critical component to achieve green, autonomous, and sustainable energy.
