Abstract

Certain polymers can be stimulated to change their physical and chemical properties by an environmental stimulus. This may be chemical, optical, magnetic, or electric (Bar-Cohen and Anderson, 2019). In particular, electrical fields are one of the most attractive stimulators and have received great attention from the scientific community (Kumar et al., 2007; Gonzalez, Garcia, and Newell, 2019; Wei et al., 2017; Bajpai et al., 2011; Aguilar and Román, 2019).