ABSTRACT
76 77Metals account for much of the contamination found at hazardous waste sites. They are present in the soil and ground water at approximately 65% of the Superfund sites. The metals most frequently identified are lead, arsenic, chromium, cadmium, nickel, and zinc. Other metals often identified as contaminants include copper and mercury.
This chapter provides remedial project managers, engineers, on-scene coordinators, contractors, and other state or private remediation managers and their technical support personnel with information to facilitate the selection of appropriate remedial alternatives for soil contaminated with arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb).
Common compounds, transport, and fate are discussed for each of the five elements. A general description of metal-contaminated Superfund soils is provided. The technologies covered are containment (immobilization), solidification/stabilization (S/S), vitrification, soil washing, soil flushing, pyrometallurgy, electrokinetics, and phytoremediation. Use of treatment trains and remediation costs are also addressed.
