ABSTRACT

The availability of useful energy is less and resources are fewer as compared with its demand, which is increasing immensely day by day. Owing to the situation of high electricity demand, increasing amount of use of imported coal and low contribution of renewable energy sector, it is very much necessary to minimize the energy requirement. The minimization of energy requirement requires careful examination of process plant energy utilities and energy losses and wastages. This chapter includes the energy audit, which is required to identify the available energy sources, energy wastage, and utilization pattern in the process plants. It also discusses the energy integration among various unit operations to minimize the need. The energy optimization is discussed at length, including case studies containing multi-objective optimization with constraints.