ABSTRACT
Mining is a complex process whose activities range from exploration, mine development, mineral extraction, mineral processing (mineral beneficiation), refining and reclamation and remediation (for mine closure). It also covers a wide range of mineral commodities, including copper, iron, gold, nickel, lead, zinc and diamonds. These metals and minerals are the primary raw materials used in many industrial applications and thus are essential to the world economy. Copper, for example, is essential to the electronics and construction industries, while iron ore provides the base material for the steel, automotive and transportation industries. However, the extraction and beneficiation of these minerals from raw ore lead to the generation of large quantities and different types of waste. The effect of some of these wastes on the environment is dire and may also threaten the health and safety of humans. This book discusses the different types of mine waste generated and recovery thereof during the mining process right from the mineral extraction to the beneficiation and recovery processes to the manufacturing of finished products. This introductory chapter is a preamble to that discussion.
