ABSTRACT
This chapter covers the basics of number theory. Number theory, a subject with a long and rich history, has become increasingly important because of its applications to computer science and cryptography. The core topics of number theory, such as divisibility, radix representations, greatest common divisors, primes, factorization, congruences, dio-phantine equations, and continued fractions, are covered here. Algorithms for finding greatest common divisors, large primes, and factorizations of integers are described.
