ABSTRACT
The physiological stress of major surgical procedures has been thoroughly reviewed 1 and there have been robust studies of the influence of metabolic therapy in general surgical procedures, and outcome measures beyond the length of stay (LOS) and readmission rates are being evaluated in the current literature. Scientific literature at a meta-analysis level of recommendation 2 , 3 demonstrates the interrelationship between nutritional status, as a major determinant, and achieving successful general surgical outcomes when compared in enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols, even in normally nourished patients. This chapter hones the general surgery research to orthopedic application. It details clinical and immediate metabolic therapy strategies to support patients undergoing orthopedic surgery.
