ABSTRACT
In daily life, the importance of water is realized only when one can face the scarcity of water. The challenge for any country is to have sustainable water security In most countries, water resources are mainly surface and/or groundwater. Groundwater is part of the hydrological cycle that flows through the saturated zone at rates that are influenced by gravity, pressure, and the characteristics of geologic formations. Groundwater is one of the main sources of water supply for meeting agricultural, domestic, environmental, and industrial demands in many areas. Indeed, it is the source of water supply for many various cities and towns, especially in the United States and several western countries. Groundwater is also an important environmental asset that provides base flow to streams and supports wetlands and other groundwater-dependent ecosystems. In India, it is an important resource for potable water for both urban and rural areas and is the source of drinking water for more than 90% of the rural population that does not have access to a public water supply system. About 42% of the water used for irrigation comes from groundwater. Groundwater is an integral part of the environment. Its availability depends on rainfall and recharge conditions.
