Abstract

In brain imaging studies, information rich, high-dimensional data are collected, typically along with important research or clinical demographic and covariate information. A variety of brain imaging modalities exist to probe brain structure, function, and chemical composition. One, in particular, is functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), where four-dimensional images of the brain are collected with three dimensions corresponding to space and the fourth to time. In structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and other static imaging techniques, such as static positron emission tomography (PET), the images are three dimensional for each session. In each case, another dimension is created with multiple scanning sessions per subject, such as in a longitudinal or crossover study.