ABSTRACT
With the growth of civilization, increasing population and flourishing industrialization, there arose a problem of water scarcity. To circumvent this problem, man devised methods to treat the naturally available water (i.e. raw water) to make it wholesome and palatable, and started to clean the sewage and industrial wastewater before returning it to the earth. The principal end products of raw water and wastewater treatment consist of:
product water,
treatment-plant effluent, and
by-product slurry or sludge.
