ABSTRACT
There are numerous publications available on the effects of biotic and abiotic stresses on plants/crops. Some recent sample publications include Maghsoudi et al. (2018), Valizadeh-Kamran et al. (2018), Askari-Khorasgani et al. (2017), Gheidary et al. (2017), Ghouchani et al. (2017), Mardani et al. (2017), Marzban et al. (2017), Pessarakli 2015, 2017), Pessarakli et al. 2015, 2017), Sheikh Mohamadi et al. (2017), Khorsandy et al. (2016), Parker et al. (2016), Saeidnejad et al. (2016), Akhzari et al. (2015a, 2015b), Ashrafi et al. (2015), Lotfi et al. (2015), Izadi et al. (2014), Kadkhodaie et al. (2014), Nikbakht et al. (2014), Sanchez et al. (2014), Pirasteh-Anosheh et al. (2013), Emam et al. (2012), Shekoofa et al. (2012), Shobbar et al. (2012), Pessarakli and Kopec (2011), Heydari and Pessarakli (2010), and Marcum and Pessarakli (2010). While these stresses are imposed on plants, there are some counter-stresses by plants that impose stress on the stressors. Weeds are among the most common biotic stressors, which often impose stress on plants/crops; however, they are also among the most attacked stressors, both by the plants/crops and by humans, who fight either mechanically or by using agrochemicals (e.g., herbicides) to eradicate them and reduce the stresses on plants. Although numerous sources are available on the effects of the biotic and abiotic stresses on plants/crops and the fact that plants/crops also defend themselves by exerting stress on the stressors, the literature available on the counter-stress by plants/crops on weeds is rare or non-existent. Therefore, this chapter aims to provide information on this subject and fill this gap.
