ABSTRACT
The gradual progress of desertification due to the detrimental effects of natural stress factors such as low precipitation, long‑term drought, heat, and erosion, coupled with improper human activities as a result of overgrazing, over‑use of land, and the application of insufficient management decisions and improper agricultural practices, urbanization, and industrial activities, has left extensive arable lands at potential risk of conversion to unusable soils. These problems are more severe in arid and semi-arid regions, where soils already encounter salinity and sodicity problems and are more vulnerable to stress conditions.
