Beneficial Effects of Various Environmental Stresses on Vegetables and Medicinal Plants for the Production of High Value-Added Plants

Environmental factors such as light, temperature, humidity, CO₂ concentration, and the composition of nutrient solutions influence plant growth and have a direct impact on biochemical pathways (Yamori et al., 2009, 2010, 2011, 2014, 2015, 2016; Yamori and Shikanai, 2016), and these factors affect the metabolism of both primary and secondary products (e.g., Joshi et al., 2017; Lu et al., 2015, 2017; Maneejantra et al., 2016; Tewolde et al., 2016). Plant factories are plant production facilities that provide growers with the advantage of controlling the various environmental factors, mentioned above, thus enabling the control of plant growth and development (Kozai et al., 2015; Yamori et al., 2014). The ability to control environmental factors using technology in plant factories has allowed producers to maintain close control of their production systems.