ABSTRACT
Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) are rapidly gaining popularity. They can be employed in a clinic to treat neurological disorders and even to augment brain functions. Among clinical applications, BCIs can be used to treat disorders of attention. In this chapter, we review current attention-based BCIs, in particular the ones that operate in the domain of visual attention. Patients with attention deficits utilize such BCIs to improve their control of attention. We highlight the approaches for extraction of neural features relevant to attention-based BCIs. The efficiency of current clinical BCIs for augmenting attention is discussed. We conclude that although considerable advances have been made in attention-based BCIs, fundamental challenges for the optimization of such systems and their practical applications in the clinical world remain mostly unresolved.
