ABSTRACT
Bidirectional neural interfaces link the nervous system to external devices, itself, or even the nervous systems of different individuals to treat a neural disorder, augment brain functions, or provide a means for entertainment. Such interfaces combine an efferent loop that handles information derived from neural activity and an afferent loop that delivers signals to the brain. For example, a sensorized neuroprosthetic limb can be controlled by the brain motor activity while sending signals from the prosthetic sensors back to the brain. In this chapter, we review the basic components needed for bidirectional interfaces and consider several implementations of such systems. Among the large number of relevant methodologies, we highlight electrocorticographic grids as an approach particularly suitable for developing practical interfaces for patients suffering from sensory and motor disabilities.
