Abstract

The morphology control of organic nano-materials has recently received considerable attention because the properties of organic soft materials can be enhanced by fine-tuning the intermolecular interactions, and many possible future applications such as field emission transistors (FET), organic light emitting diodes (OLED), and organic solar cells are desired by applying the photoelectric functions of ?-conjugated molecular matters [1?3]. At present, in most cases, conductive or semiconductive organic molecules or polymers are used as layered amorphous films or bulk solids in these systems; however, in the last few years, alternative strategies for molecular fabrications are consider such that designed organic molecules can be hierarchically assembled into desired morphologies using a principle of “supramolecular chemistry.” Supramolecular chemistry, defined by Lehn as the “chemistry beyond the molecule,” provides an unprecedented control over the physicochemical properties of architectures through the use of programmed molecular assemblies that emerge by spontaneous self-assembly to hierarchical molecular architectures via weak interactions (e.g., van der Waals, ?–?, hydrogen bonding) [4,5]. Therefore, supramolecular architectures with controlled structures and morphologies have been receiving great interest for establishing organic soft materials possessing versatile functions (e.g., optical, electrical, and electrochemical properties) [6,7].