ABSTRACT
The major factor in biological pH control in eukaryotic cells is the carbon dioxide-bicarbonate-carbonate buffer (Scheme I) system1-4. There other biological buffers such as bulk protein and phosphate anions which can provide some buffering effect, metabolites such as lactic acid which can lower pH and tris(hydroxymethylaminomethyl) methane, (THAM®) has been used to treat acid base disorders5-7. pH control in prokaryotic cells is mediated by membrane transport of various ions including hydrogen, potassium and sodium8-10.
