ABSTRACT
In the recent past, we have witnessed that performance of distributed computing systems particularly at large scale (i.e., large-scale distributed computing systems or LDCSs) has been significantly constrained by their excessive power requirements. This ever increasing energy consumption for powering and cooling is a major limiting factor in the running and the expansion of data centers. Besides, the energy consumption issue in these systems raises both business and environmental concerns. A recent study on power consumption by servers (the type used in data centers and clouds) shows that electricity use for servers (compute nodes) and their associated cooling and auxiliary equipment worldwide—not including storage devices and network equipment—in 2005 cost 7.2 billion US dollars [440]. The study also indicates that the electricity consumption in that year had doubled compared with consumption in 2000.
