ABSTRACT
Electric substations exist in almost every neighborhood and in every city. They are adjacent to or within the town proper of every small town. They exist in isolated, remote, and rural areas. More often than not, they exist next to every major commercial or industrial facility in the country. They range in size from fused cutouts that separate a couple of feeders to huge substations covering tens of acres. They exist at voltages up to 765 kV AC and ±500 kV DC.
