Abstract

Recent advances in micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS), wireless communication technologies, and digital electronics are responsible for the emergence of sensor networks that deploy thousands of low-cost sensor nodes integrating sensing, processing, and communication capabilities. These sensor networks have been employed in a wide variety of applications, ranging from military surveillance to civilian and environmental monitoring. Examples of such applications include battlefield command, control, and communication [1], target detection, localization, tracking and classification [2–6], transportation monitoring [7], pollution monitoring in the air, soil, and water [8,9], ecosystem monitoring [10], etc.