ABSTRACT
The problems encountered in processing heavy feedstocks can be directly equated to the amount of complex, higher-boiling constituents (Speight, 2001, 2014, 2015). Processing these feedstocks is not just a matter of applying know-how derived from rening conventional crude oils that often use hydrogen-to-carbon (H/C) atomic ratios and/or API gravity to determine the rening sequences, but requires knowledge of composition as well as the properties of the residua (Table 7.1) where the majority of the difcult-to-desulfurize constituents are found (Speight, 2000, 2014).
