Abstract

The mere idea of automated, connected, and intelligent vehicles (ACIVs) conjures up visions in which our vehicles cater to our every transportation need. The development and deployment of ACIV systems, such as advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) that help control vehicle acceleration, vehicle deceleration, and lane position, has the potential to improve safety by relieving drivers of tasks that they are prone to performing with errors. However, providing this additional support to drivers also fundamentally changes the human driving task from one of manual control to one of supervisory control. Additionally, as higher levels of ACIV systems become commercially available, the driving task changes further from requiring near constant human supervision to infrequent vehicle system assistance. Despite this dramatic change to the driving task, there has been relatively little work examining the efficacy of training practices and learner-centered human–machine interface (HMI) design to positively impact the safety of ACIV systems, which is likely a critical factor in promoting a safe human/vehicle partnership. This chapter summarizes the general concept of HMI design for ACIVs and provides information on specific training-related factors. The first section, Training Overview, will briefly discuss the importance of training, including ways in which a human–vehicle partnership can be enhanced through training, while the second section addresses the critical question of what content should be included in the training protocols for ACIV systems. The third section, titled Andragogical Considerations for ACIV Systems Training, will identify both driver and non-driver related key factors that should be considered in the development of training protocols. The fourth section provides a review of both current and future protocols that could be employed to train people on the use of ACIV systems. The chapter concludes with a series of recommendations for ACIV systems training practices. This chapter will serve as a foundation for driver training stakeholders, technology developers, consumers, and legislatures to address the growing need to include relevant and effective training for ACIV systems as these technologies are developed and deployed.