ABSTRACT

Responsible investing (RI) has grown significantly over the past 20 years to become a major force, bringing environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors into consideration in investment decision-making. With total global assets of $45 trillion under management, signatories to the UN-backed Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI) have declared these factors to be an essential part of their investment process. The availability of ESG data through mainstream information providers such as Bloomberg and MSCI is further evidence of the growth of RI.