ABSTRACT

Malaysia has been remarkably successful over the past few decades in achieving rapid growth and transformative development. State institutions are well developed and social indicators and quality of life have shown striking improvement. At roughly US$14,215 gross domestic product (GDP) purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita, and a nominal GDP per capita of US$8,100, Malaysia has transformed from a poor, colonial plantation economy into a modern, upper-middle-income country in the span of one generation. This represents one of the most extraordinary records of economic and human development in recent memory.