Abstract

Emerging country multinational enterprises (EMNEs) are increasingly involved in a process of international expansion in Europe through foreign direct investment (FDI), in the form of greenfield investments and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). Although EMNEs suffer latecomer disadvantages and lag behind incumbent multinational enterprises (MNEs) (Child and Rodrigues 2005), they become global players within a very short space of time. For example, since the mid-2000s they have been influential actors in the international scenario, challenging advanced country MNEs (AMNEs) in many different industries (Awate et al. 2012; Narula 2012; UNCTAD 2012).