ABSTRACT
In other countries, meanwhile, the term ‘hate crime’ has a much shorter history and has assumed significance within academic, political and social discourse only relatively recently. That said, the types of offences commonly grouped under the hate crime banner have in fact been researched and debated extensively outside the United States. Indeed, hate crime cuts through numerous themes central to social scientific enquiry, whether this be ‘race’, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, disability or simply ‘otherness’ per se, and, although relatively few attempts have been made by international scholars to examine these themes through the conceptual lens of hate, their empirical and theoretical contributions have invariably
influenced the development of hate crime scholarship across disciplines, across communities and across borders (see, for instance, Chakraborti, 2010a; Chakraborti & Garland, 2009; Gelber & Stone, 2007; Iganski, 2008; Mason, 2005).
