ABSTRACT
The subject of national security intelligence-information provided to a nation’s leaders by secretive government agencies to protect citizens against threats from domestic or foreign sources-has been around since the days of antiquity. Down through the years all civilizations have had spies working for them and against them. Only in the past three decades, however, has the formal study of national security intelligence reached maturity and a degree of prominence as a subfi eld of international aff airs.
