ABSTRACT

Knowledge of mathematical cognition may be enhanced not only by studies of mathematical ability in normal individuals, but also by research on math disabilities (MD). In this chapter we review research on MD in two genetic disorders that have cognitive phenotypes associated with poor math achievement: Turner syndrome and fragile X syndrome. We begin with a brief overview of Turner and fragile X syndromes, and then turn to research on math abilities and disabilities in persons with these syndromes. The research is in early stages, but holds promise for shedding light on the cognitive dysfunctions that may give rise to math disabilities, and on the biological basis of mathematical ability.