Abstract

Smart card technology has revealed its potential as a reliable and rich data source for transportation analysis and planning over the past years. This study exploits smart card data to analyse the skip-and-stop planning of line number 9, from Gaehwa and Nonhyeon in Seoul, South Korea, and to propose a new optimised schedule. The research uses two models, a mixed-integer linear programming model and an agent-based model. To resolve the congestion issue, the study opted to change the ratio of express to regular services as the most efficient solution in terms of cost/benefit and flexibility. The optimised schedule suggested more express trains, with the then operating ratio in 2015 ratio of 1:1 of express trains to stopping trains being increased to 1.6 express trains to each regular service. However, this ratio is unrealistic, and so the research proposes the ratio 2:1, which showed improved congestion and reduced costs in both models as compared to the status quo.