Abstract

Every type of tourism has positive and negative consequences. Most of the negative impacts of tourism are associated with ‘mass tourism’, where large-scale visitation over long periods of time results in harmful environmental, sociocultural, and economic outcomes for the destination. These impacts have been well documented in thousands of research articles and a number of critical books since the 1970s that focus on understanding the diverse range of tourism’s impacts and how best to manage them (Gursoy & Nunkoo 2019; Hall & Lew 2009; Mathieson & Wall 1982; Singh, Timothy & Dowling 2003).