ABSTRACT

After the Belt and Road Initiative was proposed by China in 2013, Mongolia gave an active response. In 2013, Mongolia proposed the construction of 5 connection channels for China–Mongolia–Russia (i.e. railway, road, petroleum, power and natural gas). In 2014, according to the geographical advantage between Europe and Asia, the Steppe Road Plan (hereinafter “this plan”) was proposed by Mongolia to drive resource development through trade transportation and thus revitalise the Mongolian economy. On September 2, 2014, Resolution 282 was issued by Mongolia to formally initiate this plan. Then, a working group was established, which is composed of vice premiers and more than 10 ministerial heads of Mongolia (e.g. Ministry of Economic Development, Ministry of National Defence, Ministry of Environmental Development and Ministry of Foreign Affairs). In 2014, Resolution 34 was issued by the Parliament of Mongolia; as specified in its “Measures for guaranteeing a stable economic growth”, the work and institutional construction necessary for this plan is determined by Resolution 282 of Mongolia.