ABSTRACT
Clinical depression and problem substance use are two, often co-occurring, public health threats with the potential to compromise development and wellbeing across the lifespan. Of particular concern are the disproportionately high rates of both disorders in the juvenile and criminal justice systems, as both disorders (independently or synergistically) have the potential to manifest in first-time and repeat offending for many criminals. The challenges faced by justice systems to provide consistent and effective care for offenders further obscure efforts to manage and address behavioral health issues faced by criminals, institutions, and society at large. With the limited knowledge on the developmental trajectories of co-occurring depression and substance misuse, suggestions for future research as well as methods, delivery and longevity of treatment for both juveniles and adults, including those involved in the justice system, are discussed.
