ABSTRACT
This chapter explores Malaysian civil society, which comprises charity and welfare organizations, civic associations, trade unions, political-minded religious organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and Islamic as well as international NGOs. While the majority are apolitical, Khoo argues that they are divided along ethnic, linguistic, and religious lines. Her chapter provides a historical overview of civil society in Malaysia, arguing that due to the introduction of increasingly authoritarian laws and pessimism about reform since Najib Razak became prime minister in 2009, volunteerism is increasing as citizens reap the satisfaction of more immediate results from their actions than from attending street rallies. To this end, Khoo focuses on the work of activist citizens who favor rights and the rule of law in constructing a civil sphere.
