ABSTRACT
During the nearly two decades since completion of the Human Genome Project, breakthroughs in technologies and analytical approaches, along with deeper understanding of the genome, have resulted in advanced research tools. Because of this progress, research efforts can be directed toward clarifying the genetic mechanisms that affect physiological responses to exercise activity and performance. This chapter broadly introduces genetic concepts that have emerged since the beginning of the millennium. In addition to exploring new-found aspects of genome function and regulation, the role of multigenic traits and the challenges in determining causality following identification of genetic associations are also addressed.
