Abstract

There is currently an increasing interest in two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene and 2D allotrope of carbon. In this planar structure, carbon atoms form a honeycomb lattice. Graphene exhibits unusual transport properties which follow from its famous electronic structure, in which electronic states around the K points of the Brillouin zone can be described by the Dirac model and the electrons behave like massless particles (Dirac cones). Graphene also has other promising properties, such as high electron mobility and long spin diffusion length, and is considered as a material for future nanoelectronic and spintronic devices.