Abstract

Since the mid-1990s, research on attitudes has been shaped by a dualism that has gained enormous popularity across all areas of psychology: the implicit-explicit dualism (see Gawronski & Payne, 2010). This dualism has its roots in the development of a new class of indirect measurement instruments, which are distinguished from direct measurement instruments based on self-report. A central feature of these instruments is that they rely on experimental procedures adapted from cognitive psychology, such as sequential priming and response interference tasks (for an overview, see Gawronski & De Houwer, 2014). Researchers often label these instruments implicit measures and self-report measures explicit measures.