ABSTRACT
From its origins, the latest phase of the Oxus Civilization is described as a collapse. From ca. 1800/1700 BC and for over 300 years, it testifies of arrhythmic and uneven changes at various levels in the material culture, the subsistence economy, the settlements, the political system, the burial practices, and the symbolic world in comparison with the previous mature phase. This chapter offers an update on the archaeological features, still poorly known, and on the transformations occurring in the Final Bronze Age. It approaches anew the causes for this complex evolution and the processes of the sociocultural shift that characterize the end of the Oxus Civilization in the mid-2nd millennium BC.
