Abstract

During the last decades, employment relationships have undergone substantial changes. For instance, market influences have led to a decline in average worker tenure, increased restructuring through layoffs and growing use of contingent workers, outsourcing, and variable incentive pay (Bidwell, Briscoe, Fernandez-Mateo, & Sterling, 2013; Dencker & Fang, 2016). This development, in turn, is associated with an increased inequality in the distribution of rewards, which are more and more based on the ability and performance of individuals and their contribution to firm success (ibid).