ABSTRACT
Today, much population growth and rapid social and economic change is not happening in the metropolitan areas but in the peri-urban areas at the fringes of those major cities. In Indonesia, for example, annual population growth in Jakarta slowed down to an average of 1.4 per cent between 2000–2010, but has intensified at the edges of the wider Jabodetabek mega-urban region 1 as cities like Jakarta and Bandung continue to spill over into the surrounding regions and large amounts of agricultural land are allocated for industrial and urban use (Firman 2017). Between 1994 and 2001 an estimated 4,000 hectares of agricultural land and 8,000 hectares of woodlands have disappeared in South Jabodetabek to make way for industrial estates, offices, roads, housing complexes and shopping malls (Firman and Fahmi 2017: 73). Population densities have also intensified as smaller cities in peri-urban regions are also rapidly developing due to population growth and labor migration. As a result, previous rural-urban distinctions have become blurred, as smaller and larger cities in and around the wider Jabodetabek region become more and more interlinked.
