ABSTRACT
Over many millennia, Andean farmers transformed their diverse environments into highly ordered cultural or engineered landscapes to support families, communities, temples, rich social lives, long distance trade, and eventually the management of states and empires. A wide range of crops and a few animals were domesticated and formed the basis of highly productive agropastoral systems. Creation of engineering works including canal irrigation, terraces, raised fields, sunken gardens, filtration galleries, artificial pastures, dams, reservoirs, river channelization, and flood control expanded farming into marginal environments and reduced risks common in the Andes.
