ABSTRACT
The concurrent emergence of neoliberal policies and the rise of global indigenous rights movements and other new social movements have sparked widespread activism and debate over the meanings of citizenship in Andean countries since the 1990s. This chapter examines conceptions of citizenship and rights in the Andes during the past two decades, focusing particularly on examples from ethnographic fieldwork conducted between 1995 and 2017 in central Bolivia. Ultimately, the chapter traces conflict between rural, provincial, and urban experiences of societal transformations, as well as the unevenness of the extension of social and economic rights.
