ABSTRACT
The benefits of trees in the urban landscape are undisputed. Trees can aid in the management of the urban heat island and global climate change; they can provide human health benefit; and they can provide benefits to commerce. These and many more benefits greatly outweigh the overall low level of risk usually associated with a well-managed urban forest. However, all trees will eventually fail. Therefore, property owners and government agencies need to manage their trees with the knowledge that trees can pose risk and they need to act to manage risk.
