ABSTRACT
Kramer and Michalowski (1990, p. 3) initially defined state-corporate as ‘illegal or socially injurious actions that occur when one or more institutions of political governance pursue a goal in direct cooperation with one or more institutions of economic production and distribution’. The definition’s emphasis on ‘direct cooperation’ was best suited to analyses of specific instances of state-corporate engagement such as the production of nuclear weapons (Kauzlarich and Kramer 2010) or military drones (Kramer and Smith 2013). It was less applicable to situations in which crimes or harms resulted from structural rather than direct intersections of corporate and government entities. In order to broaden the understanding of harms at the structural intersections of business and government, Aulette and Michalowski (1993, p. 175) redefined statecorporate crimes as:
Illegal or socially injurious actions that result from a mutually reinforcing interaction between (1) policies and/or practices in pursuit of the goals of one or more institutions of political governance and (2) policies and/or practices in pursuit of the goals of one or more institutions of economic production and/or distribution.
