ABSTRACT
In popular culture, the term “spiritualism” conjures images of fortune-tellers, séances, mediums, the Ouija board, and spirits in general. When capitalized, Spiritualism denotes the modern religious movement which is often referred to as a science, philosophy, and religion. As a science, Spiritualism attempts to investigate and classify the mental and physical phenomena demonstrated through mediumship as evidence of life after death. As a philosophy, it studies the laws of nature relating to both the physical universe and an unseen world. As a religion, it strives to understand and expound teachings that are consistent with the physical, mental, and spiritual laws of nature.
