ABSTRACT
The pact of ʿUmar, traditionally called shurūṭ ʿUmar, or the Stipulations of ʿUmar, is the title given to the canonical document that sets forth the rules and restrictions pertaining to non-Muslims living under Muslim rule from the ninth century onwards. This chapter will survey the process of the emergence of these rules until they became the accepted norm, will discuss their origins and finally will examine the question of their enforcement throughout the centuries.
